Bron: Wikipedia
The Beni Suef Cultural Palace fire occurred in Beni Suef, Egypt, on September 5, 2005 and killed 46 people.
The Cultural Palace was overcrowdedat the occasion of the Amateur Theatre Festival when a burning candle lid paper décor on the stage and started a conflagration. A stampede erupted towards a single exit. Fire extinguishing equipment was locked in a far-away room, and fire engines and ambulances arrived late and unprepared[1] People burned but died also in the stampede.[2]
Bron: Wikipedia
Uphaar cinema fire one of the worst fire tragedies in recent Indian history[1], occurred on Friday, June 13, 1997 at Uphaar Cinema, Green Park, Delhi, during the premiere screening of ‘Border’, a patriotic Hindi movie. 59 people died and 103 were seriously injured in the subsequent stampede; most of the victims were trapped on the balcony, and were asphyxiated as they tried to reach dimly marked exits to escape the smoke and fire.[2], and found the doors locked[3]
The fire, broke out at 1710 hours, after the transformer at the parking level burst, and 20 cars in the parking lot caught fire, eventually leading to a big scale in the five-storey building which housed not just the cinema hall, but also several offices. The fire services arrived later because of the heavy evening traffic, as the cinema hall is situated in one of the busiest areas of South Delhi.
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On August 20, 1978, Cinema Rex in Abadan, Iran, was set ablaze, killing approximately 500 individuals.
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi said that Islamic militants set the fire, while the public believed that the Shah and the country's intelligence service, SAVAK, set the fire.[1]
Virtually all the victims had burned while still in their seats, which indicated that at the time the fire entered the theater, the victims were already unconscious or dead. The fire department investigators believed that the Freon gas from the heavy-duty air-conditioning system had reached inside the theater before the fire did. Since Freon is much heavier than air, people inside had already passed out or may have already been dead when the fire reached the inside of the theater.
Bron: Wikipedia
The 1994 Karamay fire(Chinese:卡拉瑪依大火) is considered one of the worst civilian fires in the history of the People's Republic of China that occurred on December 8, 1994. A fire broke out in a theatre hosting 1,000 children and teachers in Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.[2] During the fire, the people were told to remain seated to allow Communist Party officials to leave first.[3][4] The fire resulted in 325 deaths with 288 of them being school children.[3]
The first few seconds was the most crucial, and controversial of the disaster. Survivors insist that a woman official, identified by the name of Kuang Li (况丽) immediately stood up and shouted: "Everyone sit down. Don’t move. Let the leaders go first(Chinese:同學们坐下,不要動,讓領導先走 .)" (Note: In Chinese, the order: 讓領導先走 has since became a popular internet catch phrase, meaning the government officials have priority over ordinary folks in times of emergency). She has since been identified in online articles as Kuang Li, who was vice-director of the state petroleum company’s local education centre. Though there has been no official confirmation of this.[3] The teachers obeyed, and the children remain seated. By the time the about 20 Communist Party officials had filed out through the only opened emergency exit, when all the other exits remained locked, it was too late. Teachers hurried the pupils out of their seats to other exits, only to find that the emergency exit doors were locked, and no one seem to care enough to get them opened.[/quote]
Stuk voor stuk verschrikkelijke rampen!
Rode draad blijft echter een belangrijk stuk gebruik en organisatie. Los van het feit dat een groot aantal van deze branden niet in de toneeltoren of op het podium zijn ontstaan, had een blussysteem of brandscherm ook in deze gevallen slachtoffers niet kunnen voorkomen. Voldoende nooduitgangen (en de beschikbaarheid daarvan) om een veilige ontvluchting mogelijk te maken is prioriteit 1. Overigens ken ik het niveau van brandveiligheid in de betreffende landen niet in relatie tot de Nederlandse situatie.
Voor de Nederlandse situatie gelden ondere andere eisen voor stoelenplannen, loopafstanden en uitgangsbreedten. Daarmee wordt door de regelgever een voldoende snelle ontruiming van een ruimte beoogd (binnen 1 tot 1,5 minuut). Specifiek brandgevaar neem je daarin beperkt mee los van bijvoorbeeld de compartimentering van stookruimten en technische ruimten > 50 m2, materiaalgebruik en detectie.
Kun je niet voldoen aan de gestelde (prestatie)eisen dan moet je een gelijkwaardigheid aantonen. Daarbij spelen onder andere rookverspreiding en ontruimingstijd een belangrijke rol. Hierin neem je wel een of meerdere brandscenario's mee, maar doe je niets met brandgevaar, als daarmee de kans op het ontstaan van brand wordt bedoeld. Kansrekening in relatie tot veilig vluchten is glad ijs...
@ De Pet
Ik heb zeker vertrouwen in het huidige niveau van brandveiligheid, mits:
1. het brandveiligheidsconcept deugt
2. de vertaling van concept naar concrete brandpreventieve voorzieningen deugt
3. de uitvoering van alle brandpreventieve voorzieningen deugt
4. alle brandpreventieve voorzieningen adequaat in stand worden gehouden
5. het gebruik van het gebouw (inrichting, bezetting,...) past bij de getroffen voorzieningen
6. er sprake is van adequate hulpverlening
7. in geval van calamiteit er geen opzet in het spel is (terrorisme)
Op voorhand nog geen aanvullende eisen dus, maar gewoon eens met z'n allen doen wat we met elkaar in de bestaande regelgeving hebben afgesproken. Dat zou al heel wat schelen.
De ketting is zo sterk als de zwakste schakel...

